I don't have all the details, but this brief description of an experiment suggests the greatest impact among the more knowledgeable and trusting of participants, "a segment of of the electorate that is smaller than it used to be." A few key points to consider:
- It's an experiment. You gain a lot of control and the ability to argue only the manipulation could have caused some effect.
- But its weakness in validity. The artificial nature of experiments can influence findings.
- And it's college students as participants. Yes, psychology is the intensive study of the college sophomore and, as we all know, while scientists have linked college students to humans, the relationship remains unproven.
Indeed, the greatest impact
in terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged
shortcomings was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable
about politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in
their political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller
than it used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Indeed, the greatest impact
in terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged
shortcomings was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable
about politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in
their political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller
than it used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
ndeed, the greatest impact
in terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged shortcomings
was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable about
politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in their
political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller than it
used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
the greatest impact in
terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged shortcomings
was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable about
politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in their
political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller than it
used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
the greatest impact in
terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged shortcomings
was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable about
politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in their
political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller than it
used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
the greatest impact in
terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged shortcomings
was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable about
politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in their
political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller than it
used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
the greatest impact in
terms of voters penalizing the incumbent for his alleged shortcomings
was evident among those individuals who were knowledgeable about
politics and who expressed a relatively high degree of trust in their
political leaders – a segment of the electorate that is smaller than it
used to be.
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2012-09-negative-political-ads-voters-politicians.html#jCp
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